Before finalizing an adoption of a child, the prospective adoptive parent(s) must take care of the child for at least 6 months as part of the pre-adoption care. This period is set by law to provide for an evaluation period to prove that a safe and stable relationship has been established between the child and the adoptive parent. Only after this period has passed can the adoption be finalized.

In 2023, 435 children were placed in the care of future adoptive parents (pre-adoption care), and 395 children had their adoption finalized (after six months of pre-adoption care). In total, 830 children were in the process of being adopted or had their adoption completed in 2023.

In 2022, 405 children were placed in the pre-adoption care, and 302 children had their adoption finalized (a total of 707 children). In 2021, 373 children were placed in pre-adoption care, and 369 children had their adoption finalized that year (a total of 742 children). In 2020, 449 children were placed in pre-adoption care and 312 children had their adoption finalized (761 children in total).

Similar to adoption, the court can place a child into pre-foster care. Its length is determined taking into account all circumstances of the case, and the court supervises the progress and success of pre-foster care.

From 2022, a distinction is made between mediated foster care and non-mediated foster care. Mediated foster care is such care where a child is "matched" with a family by the regional office and the foster parents are notified of their match with the selected child. In non-mediated foster care, the child is cared for by other relatives or persons close to the child, most commonly grandparents.

In 2023, a total of 1,615 children were placed in long-term foster care (mediated and unmediated), 142 children were further placed in pre-foster care and 833 children were placed in temporary foster care.

In 2022, 1,542 children were placed in long-term foster care (mediated and unmediated), 106 children were placed in pre-foster care and 671 children were placed in temporary foster care. In 2021, 1,656 children were placed in long-term foster care, 126 children placed in pre-foster care, and 665 children placed in temporary foster care. In 2020, 1,564 children were placed in long-term foster care, 119 children were placed in pre-foster care, and 616 children were placed in temporary foster care.

The adoption or foster care application can be submitted at the department of child protective services (OSPOD - social and legal protection of children) in the place of permanent residence of the applicants. When submitting it, applicants specify what form of care they want to provide for the child - adoption, foster care, or temporary foster care.

In 2023, a total of 436 new adoption applications were submitted, as well as 397 applications for long-term foster care and 200 applications for temporary foster care. At the end of 2023, there were a total of 1,169 applicants for adoption who had successfully passed a professional assessment and were included in the register of persons suitable to become adoptive parents (evidence osob vhodných stát se osvojiteli/ pěstouny).

In 2022, there were 483 new adoption applications, 367 applications for long-term foster care and 221 applications for temporary foster care. In 2021, total of 540 applications for adoption, 380 applications for long-term foster care and 120 applications for temporary foster care were submitted. In 2020, there were 485 applications for adoption, 315 applications for long-term foster care and 121 applications for temporary foster care.

According to the qualified estimates of the staff of regional authorities who search for foster families for children, the proportion of Roma children for whom adoption or foster care is successfully mediated is lower than for children of the majority ethnic group. The difference is mainly attributed to the lack of applicants for adoption or foster care who would be willing to take in a Roma child.

In 2020, approximately two-fifths of the total number of children of Roma ethnicity for whom adoption or foster care had to be arranged were on the records of regional authorities. Of the children newly placed on the register in that year, approximately one in three were of Roma ethnicity. The number of Roma children registered with regional authorities was highest in the Ústí nad Labem Region, followed by the Moravian-Silesian and South Moravian Regions. On the other hand, the lowest numbers of Roma children were estimated in the Zlín and Pardubice regions.

According to the majority of the staff of municipalities with extended competence and regional authorities who receive and assess applications for adoption or foster care, only 10-20 % of the applicants are open to adopting or fostering a child of Roma ethnicity. The staff also agree that it would be desirable if there were more Roma applicants for adoption or foster care. Nevertheless, their experience with Roma applicants is very rare.